Chart A

Chart B

Each of the following graphs show the demographics of this population sample ( N = 774). We can see that the majority of our sample is Mexican/Mexican American.

This sample had 459 identifying females, 305 males, and 10 transgender or other gender identifying individuals. In this sample transgender and other gender identifying individuals were largely on the younger side (18- ~30 years) for Mexican individuals and young to middle aged (20-60 years) for Dominican individuals.

Mexican/Mexican American individuals are also predominately 20 and 60 years old with more younger males than females. The Puerto Rican individuals are predominately between 40 and 60 years old. Dominicans were also on the younger side compared to Puerto Rican, other Hispanic, and Cuban individuals.

Chart C

Chart D

Chart A

Chart B

To further examine the differences in health among this population we apriori hypothesized that nativity, as a universal measure for acculturation, would moderate the relationship between nationality and the presence of a chronic health condition. Chart A above shows that Hispanic/Latino individuals born in the United States experience disproportionately higher reports of having a chronic health condition than foreign born individuals. Results from a Chi-Square analysis reveal that the nationality differences in the presence of a chronic health condition for individuals born in the United States in this sample is statistically significant (N = 556, X2 = 17.64, df = 4, p = .001) as opposed to nativity differences in the presence of a chronic health condition for foreign born individuals (N = 238, X2 = 8.66, df = 4, p = .07).

Conclusion:

Nativity moderates the relationship between nationality and the presence of a chronic health condition. There are significant differences in the presence of chronic health condition for individuals belonging to varying Hispanic/Latino origin subgroups born in the United States.

Caution:

Correlation does not equal causation. Being born in the United States doesn’t cause some groups to have a chronic health condition more than others. There are many variables that have not been taken into consideration when evaluating the relationship between nationality, generation status, and health in this sample. Future research should look at other known issues related to negative health outcomes; such as income, age, lack of access to health care, and health care utilization. Referencing back to Page 1, Puerto Rican and Cuban individuals were largely older compared to other groups (~40-80 years).

Chart C

Chart D

A statistical analysis has not yet been conducted for Chart C. But we are able to visually see the differences in insurance status for varying Hispanic/Latino(a) groups and the differences in health outcomes. We can really see that Cuban and Puerto Rican individuals report having a chronic health condition more than the other groups seemingly regardless of insurance status. I’d like to also note that for those identifying as another Hispanic/Latino nationality, public health insurance may be a protective factor in their health. Future research should investigate this difference more to help encourage policy makers to see the value in and potential (statistically speaking) protective nature of public health insurance among diverse communities.

Chart A

Chart A

References

Budd, E. L. (2020). Correlates of Health Behaviors and Outcomes among U.S. Latinx Adults. Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:I22oyR6qiaPV53LR37bjuw== [fileUNF]. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NABLZX

Nava, A., Estrada, L., Gerchow, L., Scott, J., Thompson, R., & Squires, A. (2022). Grouping people by language exacerbates health inequities-The case of Latinx/Hispanic populations in the US. Research in nursing & health , 45(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.22221

Williams, D. & Collins, C. (1995). US Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations. Annu. Rev. Sociol , 21, 349-86.

University of Oregon, EDLD 652 Winter 2023